Patient Education
Periodontal Disease
Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Best known to the layperson as gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), and the more advanced condition as periodontitis, periodontal disease can cause or contribute to:
- Tooth loosening
- Tooth loss
- Oral sensitivity
- Cardiovascular, pregnancy and diabetes complications
Symptoms of Infection
The trouble with periodontal disease, as in the case of high blood pressure, is that it is typically painless until it advances to an acute stage. Some symptoms to watch for include:
- Red, swollen gums
- Bleeding, particularly during brushing (often resulting in a pink-bristled toothbrush)
- Aching, sore, or tender gum tissue
- Longer-looking teeth (the result of receding gums)
- Pus between the teeth and gums when pressing down on the gum tissue
- Halitosis (bad breath)
- A change in the way your teeth fit, upon biting down
- A change in the fit of partial dentures
- Teeth that are loose, separating, protruding, or missing
- Spaces developing between your teeth
Any of the above should be taken as a warning sign of periodontal disease. If you notice any of these symptoms, it would be prudent of you to schedule an evaluation with either your general dentist or our practice.
Risk Factors
While the main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque, a sticky, colorless film that is constantly forming on teeth, the following factors also affect gingival health:
- Smoking
- Genetics
- Pregnancy and Puberty
- Diabetes
- Stress
- Certain cardiovascular and psychiatric medications
- Poor nutrition
Heart Disease and Periodontal Disease
Recent research on rabbits suggests a correlation between the bacteria which causes gum disease and bacteria found in the deposits of narrowed coronary arteries. While the mechanism and connection is not thoroughly understood, an individual with documented heart disease should be conscientious in pursuing good periodontal health. Regular periodontal examinations, cleanings, and any other necessary treatment should be part of a cardiac patient’s regimen.
Diabetes and Periodontal Disease
Today, approximately 20 million Americans have diabetes, of which one third is unaware of their condition. Insulin is not produced or used properly in the diabetic, thus not metabolizing sugar, the basic fuel for cells, properly.
Diabetes, over time, can lead to damaged vision, kidney failure, nerve damage, and poor wound healing. Gum disease is common in the diabetic, and research has demonstrated that controlling periodontal health can improve sugar levels. Concomitantly, controlling one’s sugar level will often improve periodontal health.
Pregnancy and Periodontal Health
There is growing evidence today that suggests unhealthy, infected gums play a role in miscarriages and premature births. It would behoove the expectant mother to establish a relationship with an obstetrician, dentist, or periodontist to manage their oral health during pregnancy.
American Academy of Periodontology
The American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) is an 8,000-member association of dental professionals specializing in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the gums and supporting structures of the teeth and in the placement and maintenance of dental implants.